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Lottery maths, from the basics

Start with the building blocks, then see how they apply to the games. You do not need a maths background; each guide works through the reasoning one step at a time.

Suggested path: understand probability and combinatorics first, then read the TOTO and 4D guides, and finish with the introduction to statistics.

Start here · Foundations

Probability and Combinatorics

What probability means, when order matters, and how to count possible outcomes without listing them all.

Read the introduction

Apply it · TOTO

TOTO odds, one entry at a time

Count the six-from-49 combinations and calculate the chance of each of the seven prize groups.

Coming soon

Apply it · 4D

4D odds, Big and Small

See why the order of four digits matters, how the prize tiers change the chance of a match, and what an IBet covers.

Coming soon

Statistical claims

Frequency, streaks and statistics

Learn why an unusually high count is not automatically a useful prediction—and what a fair backtest should do.

Coming soon

Good places to learn more

For clear lessons and practice, try Khan Academy’s Statistics and Probability course. For a free, more complete textbook, see OpenStax Introduction to Statistics. These are generic further reading; our guides explain the parts most useful for understanding 4D and TOTO.

Prize rules and payouts can change. For the current official draw records, check Singapore Pools TOTO results and 4D results.